Daniel ii



.(No Model.)

D. H. CARPENTER.

COMBINED NUT AND PIPE WRENCH.

No. 446,324. atented Feb. 10,18 1

I I m UNITED STATES ATENT FFLCE.

DANIEL II. CARPENTER, OF ORLANDO, FLORIDA.

COMBINED NUT AND PIPE WRENCH.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 446,324, dated.February 10, 18 91.

Application filed October 7,1890. Serial No. 367,359. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known-that I, DANIEL II. .OARPnN TEE, a citizen of the UnitedStates, residing at Orlando, in the county of Orange and State ofFlorida, have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in CombinedNut and Pipe Wrenches, of which the following is a full, clear, andexact description.

The object of this invention is to provide a wrench equally applicableupon nuts and pipes, and which is capable of being moved to get a freshhold uponthe object being acted upon without removing the wrench fromsuch object.

The invent-i011 consists, broadly, in a wrench having one jaw,and'preferably its fixed upper jaw, constructed with a transverse notchor groove having salient edges to bite and engage a surface of an objectto be turned, combined with a lower jaw, which may be either fixed ormovable, and is eccentric relatively to the other jaw to engage an.opposed surface of the object to be turned.

The invention also consists of a wrench having a fixed jaw provided witha trans verse groove or notch, combined with a yielding or adjustableeccentric in the lower j aw.

The invention also consists of a wrench having a fixed jaw and also amovable jaw, which latter is constructed as a spring-cam having amutilated pinion which co-operates with a rack on the wrench-bar.

. In the accompanying drawings, illustrating my invention, in theseveral figures of which like parts are similarly designated, Figure lis a side elevation showing one form of my invention with the parts inposition in e11- gagement with a nut. Fig. 2 is a similar view showingthe parts in position to effect an ad justinent of the movable jaw, andFig. 3 is a rear'view.

In the form of wrench selected to illustrate my invention and shown inthe drawings, the bar a is by preference of bar-steel, and one end ismade with a shank b to receive a wooden or other handle'c, the said barbeing provided with a shoulder d, which rests upon or in a step e on topof the handle, and the end of the shank being screw-threaded to receivea nut f to bind it and the handle together. The front c'of the handle isflush wit-h the edge of the bar for a purpose presently appearing; but Ido not limit my invention to any construction of handle ormanner ofproviding the wrench with a handle. The bar terminates at its other endin a hooker jaw g of substantially the curvature shown, and in this jawand near the outer end thereof is made the transverse notch or groove h,which is a main feature of this invention.v

lVhile I do not limit my invention to any form, size, number, orproportions of the notches or grooves, still I prefer a semicirculargroove of considerable depth and sufficient to receive within itself theangle or corner of a nut and have its salient edges h and ]L2 bite thesides of the nut at a considerable distance from the angle or corner, soas not to wear off the corners or angles. I have shown a square nut infull lines and a hexag onal nut in broken lines in position in Fig. 1 toillustrate the manner of the engagement of the notched or groovedjawtherewith, and it will be observed that the nut is not engaged by itsangles or corners, but, on the contrary, that the wrench takes hold ofthe sides of the nut.

The rest for the nut may be a fixed jaw or a movable jaw, and as bothare old I have shown a movable jaw, forming a feature of the inventionherein described. This movable jaw comprises a yoke 11, which embracesthe bar a, so as to be capable of longitudinal movement thereof, andhaving a rear wall 1' and two parallel side-walls 4?, which respectivelyembrace the rear edge and sides of the bar and project forward of thefront edge of the said bar. The side walls 1' are united by a block j,riveted or otherwise secured to and between them, and having a dependinghook or finger-hold j, by which the yoke and its appurtenances may bemoved.

it is a cam or eccentric secured in the yoke between its side walls by apivot or shaft and normally held up against and stopped by the bar bymeans of a volute or coiled spring 70 set or sunk in a recess in theside of the cam and secured by one end to the cam and by its other endto a fixed part of the yoke. This spring is concealed and protected bythe side wall of the yoke. The upper and cam surface proper 763 of thecam is toothed or roughened. The rear edge 10 of said cam is madestraight, and its lower end is made as or provided with a mutilatedpinion 7& to cn-..

gage the toothed rack a on the front edge of the bar a to hold themovable jaw in adjusted position. \Vhen the cam is turned out byrotation on its pivot until the plain portion 7a of its mutilated pinioncomes opposite the toothed rack, the movable jaw may be adjustedlengthwise of the bar eitherby pull or push on the finger-ho1d j or bygrasping the yoke, so as to vary the distance between the jaws to adaptthe wrench to the size of the object to be acted upon, and when suchadjustment is secured by releasing the hold on the cam its spring willretui 11 its pinions teeth to engagement with the toothed rack and putthe wrench in condition to act upon the said object. The finger-hold jplays up and down against the bar a and handle, the front of the handlebeing made flush with the bar at c, as before stated, for this purpose,and hence the yoke may be made to lit the bar quite snugly andnointerposed spring is needed. It will be observed of this movable jawthat its cam has a double or compound movement, which may be illustratedbest by the following description of the operation.

Instead of grasping parallel sides of the nut, my wrench is designed toengage the nut obliquely, as shown in Fig. l; but it is necessary onlythat the notch 71. shall engage or take hold of the sides of a corner,for the cam will bite an opposed side sufficiently to grasp the nuttight and hard enough to effectthe turning of the nut. The nut is turnedon or off by moving. the wrench in the direction of the arrow 00,Fig. 1. The thrust on the cam will be toward the bar, and the teeth ofits pinion thereby will be held hard and fast in engagement with thetoothed rack on the bar. As a fresh hold on the nut is desired, thewrench is rotated in the reverse direction, when the spring k permitsthe cam to yield or rotate in the direction of arrow y, the nut at thesame time, by the stress of its hold on its bolt, slipping on the cam;but as the camrotates in the direction of arrow y its pinion R will rideup the rack to, and in doing so the eccentricity of the cam will becompensated for and so a fast hold on the nut will be retained. Then asthe fresh hold 011 the nut is gained and the wrench again moved in thedirection of arrow it the .cam will be returned toward the bar a, bothby stress of such movement and also .by the actionof its spring, and thejaw, through the action of the pinion, will be returned to properposition. The contact of the fiat face of the cam with the front edge ofthe bar arrests andlimits the movement of the cam toward the bar, andso, also, assists the engaged teeth of the pinion and rack in holdingthe cam in position.

Vhen the cam is rotated on its pivot in the direction of arrow y untilthe plain part 70 of its mutilated pinion comes opposite the toothedrack on the bar 0., the movable jaw may he slid freely along the bar tosecure any desired proximity of the two jaws. This movement of the jawmay be effected by engaging the finger-holdj or the yoke. The springwill return the cam and its pinion into re-engagement with the bar. Thefingerhold is a convenient device for releasing the wrench fromengagement with a nut.

In using my wrench on round objects, such as pipes, it is preferable tothrow out the cam in the direction of arrow y, so as to allow the stressof the spring to act upon the cam in insuring a grip of the object;otherwise no alteration of the construction of the wrench is necessary.

I do not limit my invention in the movable jaw to the combination ofsuch movable jaw with a fixed jaw having the transverse groove or notch,as obviously it may be applied to wrenches having other forms of fixedjaw; and I do not limit the invention in movable jaws to a cam having aspring to return it, since the spring may be omitted and the camreturned by hand until its pinion engages the toothed rack.

Some of the many advantages of my wrench are its quick and secureengagement with the object to be acted upon, and too much importancecannot be given the value of thenotch or groove 72v in this connection,the absence of adjusting screws and springs, the compactness of parts,low cost of production, and extreme durability.

\Vhat I claim is- 1. A wrench having a jaw provided with transversenotch or groove having a salient edge to bite and engage the surface ofan ob- V j ect to be moved, combined with an opposing rest which iseccentric relatively to the jaw and between which and the said jaw theobj ect is grasped, substantially as described.

2. A wrench having a jaw provided with a.

transverse notch or groove of sufficient size and depth to receivewithin itself an angle or corner of an object to be moved and having itssalient edges in engagement with the sides of such angle or corner at aconsiderable distance from it, combined with a rest for an opposed sideof such object, substantially as described.

3. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with a transverse notch orgroove, combined with an adjustable eccentric in an opposing jaw orrest, substantially as described.

4:. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with a transverse notch orgroove, combined with an opposing movablejaw comprising a cam having amutilated pinion which engages a toothed rack on the bar of the fixedjaw, substantially as described.

5. A wrench having a fixed jaw provided with a toothed rack, combinedwith a movable jaw constructed with a cam which has a mutilated pinionto engage said toothed rack, substantially as described.

6. In a wrench, amovable jawhaving a cam, a spring to return it tooperative position, a

mutilated pinion, and a yoke supporting the cam and its appurtenances,combined with a toothed rack on the wrench-bar, substantially asdescribed.

5 7. In a wrench, a jaw 'freely fitted to the wrench-barand havingmovement lengthwise of the wrench-bar, and provided with agripping-surface, such as a cam, moving with the jaw, and also having anindependent moveie ment, by meansof which it may be engaged with anddisengaged from the object being acted upon and at the same time movethe jaw bodily toward and from the said object, substantially asdescribed.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 15 my hand this 1st day ofOctober, A. D. 1890.

DANIEL H. CARPENTER.

Witnesses:

XVM. H. FINCKEL, E. A. FINOKEL.

